Use smartmontools (S.M.A.R.T. monitoring tools) on Debian-based operating system to perform disk check.

Display smartmontools description.

$ apt info smartmontools
Package: smartmontools
Version: 7.2-1build2
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Dmitry Smirnov <onlyjob@debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 1980 kB
Depends: debianutils (>= 2.2), lsb-base (>= 3.2-14), libc6 (>= 2.34), libcap-ng0 (>= 0.7.9), libgcc-s1 (>= 3.3.1), libselinux1 (>= 3.1~), libstdc++6 (>= 11), libsystemd0
Suggests: gsmartcontrol, smart-notifier, mailx | mailutils, curl | wget | lynx, gpg
Conflicts: smartsuite, ucsc-smartsuite
Homepage: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
Task: kubuntu-desktop, ubuntustudio-desktop-core, ubuntustudio-desktop
Download-Size: 583 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: control and monitor storage systems using S.M.A.R.T.
 The smartmontools package contains two utility programs (smartctl and smartd)
 to control and monitor storage systems using the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and
 Reporting Technology System (S.M.A.R.T.) built into most modern ATA and SCSI
 hard disks. It is derived from the smartsuite package, and includes support
 for ATA/ATAPI-5 disks. It should run on any modern Linux system.

Install smartmontools.

$ sudo apt install smartmontools

Display S.M.A.R.T. details on a failing disk.

$ sudo smartctl --all /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 7200.12
Device Model:     ST31000528AS
Serial Number:    6VP948JN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 02a1257d0
Firmware Version: CC46
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Sat May 21 00:48:56 2022 UTC

==> WARNING: A firmware update for this drive may be available,
see the following Seagate web pages:
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/207931en
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/213891en

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)	Offline data collection activity
					was completed without error.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever 
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection: 		(  642) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time: 	 (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 177) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x103f)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
					SCT Feature Control supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   115   096   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       91630242
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   095   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       398
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   096   096   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       183
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   079   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       13179222181
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   022   022   000    Old_age   Always       -       68391
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       197
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   033   033   000    Old_age   Always       -       67
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       38656016419
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   095   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       5
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   071   062   045    Old_age   Always       -       29 (Min/Max 28/30)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   029   040   000    Old_age   Always       -       29 (0 18 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   019   011   000    Old_age   Always       -       91630242
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   098   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       122
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   098   096   000    Old_age   Offline      -       122
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       68935 (52 44 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2317377676
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2073443043

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 10 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
	CR = Command Register [HEX]
	FR = Features Register [HEX]
	SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
	SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
	CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
	CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
	DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
	DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
	ER = Error register [HEX]
	ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 10 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 534 hours (22 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.345  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 9 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:24.157  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 08 7d 73 40 00   6d+20:14:24.157  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 78 08 49 b9 41 00   6d+20:14:24.157  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:24.141  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff   6d+20:14:24.015  NOP [Abort queued commands]

Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:21.265  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:20.586  FLUSH CACHE EXT
  61 00 08 c0 d5 e0 40 00   6d+20:14:20.586  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:20.553  FLUSH CACHE EXT
  61 00 08 40 d6 e0 40 00   6d+20:14:20.553  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  61 00 08 30 f3 66 40 00   6d+20:14:17.522  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:17.520  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 40 98 c9 0d 40 00   6d+20:14:17.520  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 a0 b0 28 67 40 00   6d+20:14:17.520  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:17.436  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]

Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:14.618  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 b0 5f 6d 40 00   6d+20:14:14.618  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:14.607  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff   6d+20:14:14.499  NOP [Abort queued commands]
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:11.748  READ FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Display S.M.A.R.T. details on a working disk.

$ sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     MB1000EAMZE
Serial Number:    9WK3PMBN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 02df43ec6
Firmware Version: HPG5
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Sat May 21 00:49:16 2022 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)	Offline data collection activity
					was completed without error.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever 
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection: 		(  609) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 162) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   3) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x103d)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
					SCT Feature Control supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   072   063   044    Pre-fail  Always       -       15226421
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   071   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       102
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       1
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   081   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       165586241
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   082   011   000    Old_age   Always       -       15958
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       101
180 Unknown_HDD_Attribute   0x003b   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       293075239
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   003    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       17180131332
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   073   073   000    Old_age   Always       -       27
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   072   061   045    Old_age   Always       -       28 (Min/Max 27/28)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       96
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       3254
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   028   040   000    Old_age   Always       -       28 (0 20 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   019   012   000    Old_age   Always       -       15226421
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       1
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Perform S.M.A.R.T. short test on a working disk.

$ sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat May 21 00:52:22 2022 UTC
Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Display self-test log during a test.

$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Self-test routine in progress 20%     15958         -

Display self-test log after a while to get results.

$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     15958         -

Perform S.M.A.R.T. short test on a failing disk.

$ sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat May 21 00:54:07 2022 UTC
Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Display self-test result that indicates a failure.

$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      2855         1896095654

Start a S.M.A.R.T. long test

$ sudo smartctl --test long /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 162 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat May 21 03:38:39 2022 UTC
Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Display self-test log.

$ sudo smartctl --log selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Self-test routine in progress 60%     15960         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     15958         -

Perform S.M.A.R.T. long test on a failing disk.

$ sudo smartctl --test long /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 177 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat May 21 05:00:43 2022 UTC
Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Display self-test log.

$ sudo smartctl --log selftest /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      2856         1896095654
# 2  Extended offline    Interrupted (host reset)      90%      2855         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      2855         1896095654

Display S.M.A.R.T. error log on a failing disk.

$ sudo smartctl --log error /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 10 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
	CR = Command Register [HEX]
	FR = Features Register [HEX]
	SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
	SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
	CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
	CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
	DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
	DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
	ER = Error register [HEX]
	ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 10 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 534 hours (22 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.345  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00  31d+18:45:36.344  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 9 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:24.157  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 08 7d 73 40 00   6d+20:14:24.157  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 78 08 49 b9 41 00   6d+20:14:24.157  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:24.141  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff   6d+20:14:24.015  NOP [Abort queued commands]

Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:21.265  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:20.586  FLUSH CACHE EXT
  61 00 08 c0 d5 e0 40 00   6d+20:14:20.586  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:20.553  FLUSH CACHE EXT
  61 00 08 40 d6 e0 40 00   6d+20:14:20.553  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  61 00 08 30 f3 66 40 00   6d+20:14:17.522  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:17.520  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 40 98 c9 0d 40 00   6d+20:14:17.520  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 a0 b0 28 67 40 00   6d+20:14:17.520  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:17.436  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]

Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 34227 hours (1426 days + 3 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:14.618  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 b0 5f 6d 40 00   6d+20:14:14.618  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 02 00 00 00 00 a0 00   6d+20:14:14.607  SET FEATURES [Enable write cache]
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff   6d+20:14:14.499  NOP [Abort queued commands]
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00   6d+20:14:11.748  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Display S.M.A.R.T. error log on a working disk.

$ sudo smartctl --log error /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
ko-fi