Use SingleFile to archive entire web page in a single HTML file.
Browser extension
Install browser extension for Firefox, Chrome or Edge.
This is enough for occasional use, quick and clean solution, just remember to backup saved pages.
CLI utility
You can also use the command-line utility which will execute a headless browser.
Install npm.
$ sudo apt install npm
Install puppeteer.
$ npm install puppeteer
Install SingleFile.
$ npm install "gildas-lormeau/SingleFile#master"
Ensure that PATH will include installed executable files. Update .bashrc file accordingly.
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/node_modules/.bin/
Display help information.
$ single-file --help
single-file [url] [output]
Save a page into a single HTML file.
Pozycyjne:
url URL or path on the filesystem of the page to save [ciąg znaków]
output Output filename [ciąg znaków]
Opcje:
--help Pokaż pomoc [boolean]
--version Pokaż numer wersji [boolean]
--back-end Back-end to use [dostępne: "jsdom", "puppeteer", "webdriver-chromium", "webdriver-gecko", "puppeteer-firefox", "playwright-firefox", "playwright-chromium"] [domyślny: "puppeteer"]
--block-mixed-content Block mixed contents [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--browser-server Server to connect to (puppeteer only for now) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--browser-headless Run the browser in headless mode (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--browser-executable-path Path to chrome/chromium executable (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--browser-width Width of the browser viewport in pixels [liczba] [domyślny: 1280]
--browser-height Height of the browser viewport in pixels [liczba] [domyślny: 720]
--browser-load-max-time Maximum delay of time to wait for page loading in ms (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [liczba] [domyślny: 60000]
--browser-wait-delay Time to wait before capturing the page in ms [liczba] [domyślny: 0]
--browser-wait-until When to consider the page is loaded (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [dostępne: "networkidle0", "networkidle2", "load", "domcontentloaded"] [domyślny: "networkidle0"]
--browser-wait-until-fallback Retry with the next value of --browser-wait-until when a timeout error is thrown [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--browser-debug Enable debug mode (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--browser-script Path of a script executed in the page (and all the frames) before it is loaded [tablica] [domyślny: []]
--browser-stylesheet Path of a stylesheet file inserted into the page (and all the frames) after it is loaded [tablica] [domyślny: []]
--browser-args Arguments provided as a JSON array and passed to the browser (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--browser-start-minimized Minimize the browser (puppeteer) [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--browser-cookie Ordered list of cookie parameters separated by a comma: name,value,domain,path,expires,httpOnly,secure,sameSite,url (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium, jsdom) [tablica] [domyślny: []]
--browser-cookies-file Path of the cookies file formatted as a JSON file or a Netscape text file (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium, jsdom) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--compress-CSS Compress CSS stylesheets [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--compress-HTML Compress HTML content [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--crawl-links Crawl and save pages found via inner links [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--crawl-inner-links-only Crawl pages found via inner links only if they are hosted on the same domain [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--crawl-no-parent Crawl pages found via inner links only if their URLs are not parent of the URL to crawl [boolean]
--crawl-load-session Name of the file of the session to load (previously saved with --crawl-save-session or --crawl-sync-session) [ciąg znaków]
--crawl-remove-url-fragment Remove URL fragments found in links [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--crawl-save-session Name of the file where to save the state of the session [ciąg znaków]
--crawl-sync-session Name of the file where to load and save the state of the session [ciąg znaków]
--crawl-max-depth Max depth when crawling pages found in internal and external links (0: infinite) [liczba] [domyślny: 1]
--crawl-external-links-max-depth Max depth when crawling pages found in external links (0: infinite) [liczba] [domyślny: 1]
--crawl-replace-urls Replace URLs of saved pages with relative paths of saved pages on the filesystem [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--crawl-rewrite-rule Rewrite rule used to rewrite URLs of crawled pages [tablica] [domyślny: []]
--dump-content Dump the content of the processed page in the console ('true' when running in Docker) [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--emulate-media-feature Emulate a media feature. The syntax is <name>:<value>, e.g. "prefers-color-scheme:dark" (puppeteer) [tablica]
--error-file [ciąg znaków]
--filename-template Template used to generate the output filename (see help page of the extension for more info) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: "{page-title} ({date-iso} {time-locale}).html"]
--filename-conflict-action Action when the filename is conflicting with existing one on the filesystem. The possible values are "uniquify" (default), "overwrite" and "skip" [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: "uniquify"]
--filename-replacement-character The character used for replacing invalid characters in filenames [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: "_"]
--filename-max-length Specify the maximum length of the filename [liczba] [domyślny: 192]
--filename-max-length-unit Specify the unit of the maximum length of the filename ('bytes' or 'chars') [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: "bytes"]
--group-duplicate-images Group duplicate images into CSS custom properties [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--http-header Extra HTTP header (puppeteer, jsdom) [tablica] [domyślny: []]
--include-BOM Include the UTF-8 BOM into the HTML page [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--include-infobar Include the infobar [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--load-deferred-images Load deferred (a.k.a. lazy-loaded) images (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--load-deferred-images-max-idle-time Maximum delay of time to wait for deferred images in ms (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [liczba] [domyślny: 1500]
--load-deferred-images-keep-zoom-level Load deferred images by keeping zoomed out the page [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--max-parallel-workers Maximum number of browsers launched in parallel when processing a list of URLs (cf --urls-file) [liczba] [domyślny: 8]
--max-resource-size-enabled Enable removal of embedded resources exceeding a given size [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--max-resource-size Maximum size of embedded resources in MB (i.e. images, stylesheets, scripts and iframes) [liczba] [domyślny: 10]
--move-styles-in-head Move style elements outside the head element into the head element [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--remove-frames Remove frames (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--remove-hidden-elements Remove HTML elements which are not displayed [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-unused-styles Remove unused CSS rules and unneeded declarations [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-unused-fonts Remove unused CSS font rules [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-imports Remove HTML imports [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-scripts Remove JavaScript scripts [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-audio-src Remove source of audio elements [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-video-src Remove source of video elements [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-alternative-fonts Remove alternative fonts to the ones displayed [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-alternative-medias Remove alternative CSS stylesheets [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--remove-alternative-images Remove images for alternative sizes of screen [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--save-original-urls Save the original URLS in the embedded contents [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--save-raw-page Save the original page without interpreting it into the browser (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [boolean] [domyślny: false]
--urls-file Path to a text file containing a list of URLs (separated by a newline) to save [ciąg znaków]
--user-agent User-agent of the browser (puppeteer, webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [ciąg znaków]
--user-script-enabled Enable the event API allowing to execute scripts before the page is saved [boolean] [domyślny: true]
--web-driver-executable-path Path to Selenium WebDriver executable (webdriver-gecko, webdriver-chromium) [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--output-directory Path to where to save files, this path must exist. [ciąg znaków] [domyślny: ""]
--accept-headers [domyślny: {"font":"application/font-woff2;q=1.0,application/font-woff;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8","image":"image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,image/svg+xml,image/*,*/*;q=0.8","stylesheet":"text/css,*/*;q=0.1","script":"*/*","document":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"}]
Test command execution.
$ single-file --back-end puppeteer --browser-executable-path /snap/bin/chromium https://www.debian.org --dump-content
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html lang="pl"><!-- Page saved with SingleFile url: https://www.debian.org saved date: Wed Mar 23 2022 00:15:53 GMT+0100 (czas środkowoeuropejski standardowy) --><head><meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Debian -- The Universal Operating System </title> <link rel="author" href="mailto:webmaster@debian.org"> <meta name="Description" content="Debian to system operacyjny i dystrybucja Wolnego Oprogramowania. Opiekuje się nią wielu użytkowników, którzy poświęcają jej swój czas i wysiłek."> <meta name="Generator" content="WML 2.12.2"> <meta name="Modified" content="2022-03-02 07:57:56"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="mobileoptimized" content="300"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"> [...] Last Built: śro, 2. mar 2022r, 07:57:56 UTC <br> Copyright © 1997-2022 <a href="https://www.spi-inc.org/">SPI</a> i inni; Zobacz <a href="https://www.debian.org/license" rel="copyright">warunki umowy</a><br> Debian jest zarejestrowanym <a href="https://www.debian.org/trademark">znakiem handlowym</a> Software in the Public Interest, Inc. </p> </div> <!--/UdmComment--> </div> <!-- end footer --> </body></html>
Save a web page.
$ single-file --back-end puppeteer --browser-executable-path /snap/bin/chromium https://www.debian.org
Display archived web page.
$ ls *.html
'Debian -- The Universal Operating System (2022-03-22 00_18_11).html'
Open archived web page.
$ chromium 'Debian -- The Universal Operating System (2022-03-22 00_18_11).html
Alternatively, create URLs list.
$ cat <<EOF | tee /tmp/urls.txt https://linux.com https://debian.org EOF
$ single-file --back-end puppeteer --browser-executable-path /snap/bin/chromium --urls-file=/tmp/urls.txt
Display archived web page.
$ ls *.html
'Debian -- The Universal Operating System (2022-03-22 00_18_11).html' 'Debian -- The Universal Operating System (2022-03-22 00_29_31).html' 'Linux.com - News For Open Source Professionals (2022-03-22 00_29_32).html'
I prefer to use command-line utility, but choose what is best for you.