Use needrestart utility to determine which services need to be restarted after the upgrade.
Install needrestart utility.
$ sudo apt install needrestart
Display a summary of the command-line usage.
$ sudo needrestart --help
needrestart 3.4 - Restart daemons after library updates.
Authors:
Thomas Liske <thomas@fiasko-nw.net>
Copyright Holder:
2013 - 2018 (C) Thomas Liske [http://fiasko-nw.net/~thomas/]
Upstream:
https://github.com/liske/needrestart
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Usage:
needrestart [-vn] [-c <cfg>] [-r <mode>] [-f <fe>] [-u <ui>] [-bkl]
-v be more verbose
-q be quiet
-m <mode> set detail level
e (e)asy mode
a (a)dvanced mode
-n set default answer to 'no'
-c <cfg> config filename
-r <mode> set restart mode
l (l)ist only
i (i)nteractive restart
a (a)utomatically restart
-b enable batch mode
-p enable nagios plugin mode
-f <fe> overwrite debconf frontend (DEBIAN_FRONTEND, debconf(7))
-u <ui> use preferred UI package (-u ? shows available packages)
By using the following options only the specified checks are performed:
-k check for obsolete kernel
-l check for obsolete libraries
-w check for obsolete CPU microcode
--help show this help
--version show version information
Inspect what needs to be restarted using machine-friendly output.
$ sudo needrestart -b
NEEDRESTART-VER: 3.4 NEEDRESTART-KCUR: 4.19.0-8-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KEXP: 4.19.0-9-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KSTA: 3 NEEDRESTART-SVC: exim4.service NEEDRESTART-SVC: postgresql@11-main.service
There is a difference between the current and expected kernel with a status indicating pending version upgrade. Possible statuses are: unknown (
1), ABI compatible upgrade pending (2), version upgrade pending (3).Inspect what needs to be restarted using human-friendly output (requires user interaction).
$ sudo needrestart -u NeedRestart::UI::stdio -r l
Scanning processes... Scanning candidates... Scanning linux images... Pending kernel upgrade! Running kernel version: 4.19.0-8-amd64 Diagnostics: The currently running kernel version is not the expected kernel version 4.19.0-9-amd64. Restarting the system to load the new kernel will not be handled automatically, so you should consider rebooting. [Return] Services to be restarted: systemctl restart exim4.service systemctl restart postgresql@11-main.service No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
Restart services.
$ sudo needrestart -u NeedRestart::UI::stdio -r a
Scanning processes... Scanning candidates... Scanning linux images... Pending kernel upgrade! Running kernel version: 4.19.0-8-amd64 Diagnostics: The currently running kernel version is not the expected kernel version 4.19.0-9-amd64. Restarting the system to load the new kernel will not be handled automatically, so you should consider rebooting. [Return] Restarting services... systemctl restart exim4.service postgresql@11-main.service No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
Again, inspect what needs to be restarted.
$ sudo needrestart -b
NEEDRESTART-VER: 3.4 NEEDRESTART-KCUR: 4.19.0-8-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KEXP: 4.19.0-9-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KSTA: 3
Reboot the operating system and inspect what needs to be restarted.
$ sudo needrestart -b
NEEDRESTART-VER: 3.4 NEEDRESTART-KCUR: 4.19.0-9-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KEXP: 4.19.0-9-amd64 NEEDRESTART-KSTA: 1
$ sudo needrestart -u NeedRestart::UI::stdio -r l
Scanning processes... Scanning linux images... Running kernel seems to be up-to-date. No services need to be restarted. No containers need to be restarted. No user sessions are running outdated binaries.